| Peer-Reviewed

Environmental and Economic Impacts of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production in Developing Countries

Received: 16 October 2016     Accepted: 12 November 2016     Published: 12 December 2016
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

As much as the production of crude oil and natural gas generate enormous costs on the environment, it also directly impacts on the economy of the producing state. The later, among other reasons, is the motive for investing huge capital in the industry. This paper addresses the motives for the production of crude oil and natural gas; identifying the components of these products that are toxic to the environment and public health. Apart from highlighting the economic benefits accruing to the producing countries and her citizens, the study universally looked through the processes and products involved in crude oil and natural gas production and pointed out the impacts of these processes and products on the environment and the health of the public. It is believed that a complete understanding of the interplay between these processes and products with the environment will aid producing companies as well as governments of producing nations make better decisions on the strategies to minimize the effects of production activities on the environment and the health of the public.

Published in International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment (Volume 1, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijeee.20160103.13
Page(s) 64-73
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Production, Environment, Economics, Developing Countries, Costs, Impacts

References
[1] Bennion E, Mead D (2013). The Re-emergence of United States as a Global Petroleum Producer. Beyond the Numbers: Global Economy, vol. 2, no 19 (U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics, August, 2013).
[2] https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm. Accessed September 6, 2016.
[3] Department of Petroleum Resources (2014). Annual Nigeria Oil and Gas Industry Statistical Bulletin.
[4] OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin, 2016.
[5] International Energy Agency (2013). Resources to Reserves: Oil, Gas and Coal Technologies for the energy markets of the Future. IEA Publications, May, 2013.
[6] Perryman MR (2014). The Economist: Economic Benefits of the Oil Industry. Wilson County News; August, 20, 2014.
[7] Berdzenadze I (2015). Oil’s Role in the World Economy and Global Crisis. www.berdzenadze.com. Accessed October 31, 2016.
[8] Vagabond J (2009). Fossil Fuels. John Vagabond’s Chemistry and Physics Blog (https://johnvagabondscience.wordpress.com/2009/02/10/fossil-fuels/); February 10, 2009.
[9] Curley RP (2011). Fossil Fuels – Energy: Past, present and Future. Britannica educational Publishing, 2011.
[10] Cleveland CJ (2009). Concise Encyclopedia of the History of Energy. Academic Press, 2009.
[11] Chapman C, Sheehan M (2003). Catalyst: A Framework for Success 1. Heinemann Publishers, 2003.
[12] Singh L, Kaur M (2016). Science for Tenth Class Part 2: Chemistry. S. Chand Publishing, 2016.
[13] Sivansankar B (2008). Engineering Chemistry. Tata McGrawHill Publishing Company Limited, 2008.
[14] Guarina-Medjimurec n (2014). The Handbook of Research on Advancements in Environmental Engineering. IGI Global Publishers, 2014.
[15] Demirbas A (2010). Methane Gas Hydrate; Green Energy and Technology. Springer Science and Business Media, 2010.
[16] Stellman JM (1998). Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety: Chemical, Industries and Occupation. International Labour Organisation, 1998.
[17] Mokhatab S, Poe WA (2012). Handbook of Natural Gas transmission and Processing, Second Edition. Gulf Professional Publishing, 2012.
[18] Mastalerz M, Glikson M, Golding SD (2013). Coalbed Methane: Scientific, Environmental and Economic Evaluation. Springer Science and Business Media, 2013.
[19] Energy Information Administration (2016). International Energy Outlook 2016. U.S EIA, May 2016.
[20] International Energy Agency (2015). EIA Medium Term Gas Market Report 2015. IEA, 2015.
[21] API (2013). The State of American Energy. American Petroleum Institute Bulletin, 2013.
[22] https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/TblDefs/pet_pnp_capshell_tbldef2.asp. Accessed September 5, 2016.
[23] Derold H (2013). Oil and Gas Production Handbook: An Introduction to Oil and Gas Production. Lulu.com.
[24] Bahadori A, Nwaoha C, Clark MW (2013). Dictionary of Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Processing. CRC Press, 2013.
[25] Gudmestad OT, Zolotukhin AB, Jarlsby ET (2010). Petroleum Resources with Emphasis on Offshore Fields. WIT Press, 2010.
[26] Bissell GH (2016). How did Edwin Drake Create the World’s First Oil Well? Daily History Writers, 18 August, 2016.
[27] Vassiliou MS (2009). The A to Z of the Petroleum Industry: The A to Z Guide Series. Scarecrow Press, 2009.
[28] Vassiliou MS (2009). Historical Dictionary of the Petroleum Industry. Scarecrow Press, 2009.
[29] Department of Petroleum Resources (2002). Environmental Guidelines and Standards for the Petroleum Industry in Nigeria. DPR, 2002.
[30] Ajayi O (2013). Nigeria. Freshfield Bruckhaus Deringer LLP, March 2013.
[31] Dabup NL (2012). Health, Safety and Environmental Implications in Nigeria’s Oil and Gas Industries. PhD Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, October, 2012.
[32] Lohdip YN, Gongden JJ (2013). Nigerian Water Bodies in Jeopardy: the need for sustainable management and security. Energy and the Environment, Vol. 171, 2013.
[33] Helmer R, Hespanhol I (1997). Water Pollution Control – A Guide to the Use of Water Quality Mangaement Principles. E&FN Spoon Publishers, 1997.
[34] Otti S (2016). Waiting for the Doomsday: Belated Action on Gas Flaring Heightens Nigeria’s Climate Rises. Nigerian Nation, January 6, 2016.
[35] Mafimisebi OP, Ogbonna OC (2016). Environmental Risk of Gas Flaring in Nigeria: Lessons from Chevron Nigeria and Ilaje Crisis. Journal of Environmental and earth Science Vol. 6, No 3, 2016.
[36] Raji AOY, Abejide TS (2013). An Assessment of Environmental Problems Associated with Oil pollution and Gas Flaring in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria C. 1960s-2000. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (OMAN Chapter). Vol 3 No 3; October 2013.
[37] Ite AE, Ibok UJ (2013). Gas flaring and Venting Associated with Petroleum Exploration and Production in Nigeria’s niger Delta. American Journal of Environmental Protection 1.4 (2013): 70-77.
[38] Anochie UC, Mgbemena OO (2015). Evaluation of Some Oil Companies in the Niger Delta of Nigeria: An Environmental Impact Approach. International Journal of Environment and Pollution Research, Vol. 3, No 2 pp 13-31; August 2015.
[39] Lees F (2012). Lee’s loss Prevention in the Process Industries: Hazard Identification, Assessment and Control. Butterworth – Heinemann, 2012.
[40] Rahman M (2004). Oil and Gas: The Engine of the World’s Economy. Presentation as OPEC Secretary General at the Tenth International Financial and Economic Forum, Vienna, Austria; 10-11 November, 2004.
[41] Farris A (2012). Oil. Energy BC, May 2012. www.energybc.ca/profiles/oil.html. Accessed 31 August, 2016.
[42] Kleinhenz J, Smith R (2011). Ohio’s natural gas and Crude Oil Exploration and Production Industry and the Emerging Utica Gas Formation: Economic Impact Study. Ohio Oil & Gas Energy Education Program, September 2011.
[43] www.oilandgasinfo.ca/oil-gas-you/economic-benefits. Accessed 31 August 2016.
[44] PricewaterhouseCoopers (2015). What next for Nigeria’s Economy? Nigeria: In the Eye of the Storm. PwC Economics and Policy, May, 2015.
[45] E&P Forum (1997). Environmental Management in Oil & Gas Exploration and Production. An overview of Issues and Management Approaches. UNCP/Earth Print, 1997.
[46] Davorin M (2013). Risk Analysis for Prevention of Hazardous Situations in Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering. IGI Global, 2013.
[47] Spellman FR (2014). Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy. CRC Press, 2014.
[48] www.teeic.indianaffairs.gov/er/oilgas/impact/prod/index.html. Oil and Gas Production Phase Impacts. Accessed 31 August, 2016.
[49] Rodas MA (2010). Possible Environmental & Social Impacts for the Chachimbiro Project.
[50] Ouren DS, Haas C, Melcher CP, Stewart SC, Ponds PD, Sexton NR, Burris L, Fancher T, Bowen ZH (2007). Environmental Effects of Off-Highway Vehicles on Bureau of Land Management Lands: A Literature Synthesis, Annotated Bibliographies, Extensive Bibliographies, and Internet Resources. US Geological survey Open File Report 2007-1353, 225p.
[51] Macdonal C, Lockhart L, Gilman A (2007). Effects of Oil and Gas Activities on the Environment and Human Health. AMAP Assessment, 2007.
[52] Jones NF, Pejchar L, Kiesecker JM (2015). The Energy footprint: How Oil, Natural Gas, and Wind Energy Affect Land for Biodiversity and the Flow of Ecosystem Services. Oxford Journals: Bioscience March 2015 vol. 65, Issue 3 pp. 290-301.
[53] Burton GA, Basu N, Ellis BR, Kapo KE, Entrekin S, Nadelhoffer K (2014). Hydraulic “Fracking”: Are Surface Water Impacts an Ecological Concern? Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry Journal, vol. 33, No 8 August, 2014.
[54] National Academies (2011). Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Management of Chemical Hazards.
[55] Health Effects Related to Fracturing Operations for Oil and Natural Gas. www.frackfreeil.wordpress.com/251-2. Accessed 31 August 2016.
[56] Attallah MF, Awwad NS, Aly HF (2012). Environmental Radioactivity of TE-NORM Waste Produced from Petroleum Industry in Egypt: Review on Characterisation and Treatment. INTECH, October, 2012.
[57] McMichael AJ, Campbell-Lendrum DH, Corvalan CF, Ebi KL, Githeko AK, Scheraga JD, Woodward A (2003). Climate Change and Human Health: Risks and Responses. World Health Organisation, 2003.
[58] Bennett A (2013). The Impact of Hydraulic fracturing on Housing Values in Weld County, Colorado: A Hedonic Analysis. Msc. Thesis. Colorado State University, 2013.
[59] Morton RA (2003). An Overview of Coastal Land Loss: With Emphasis on the Southeastern united States. www.pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-337/extraction.html. Accessed 31 August, 2016.
[60] Buchanan RC, Newell KD, Evans CS, Miller RD (2014). Induced Seismicity: The Potential for Triggered Earthquakes in Kansas. Kansas Geological Survey Public Information Circular 36; April 2014.
[61] Ingraffea AR, Wells MT, Santoro RL, Shonkoff SBC (2014). Assessment and Risk Analysis of Casing and Cement Impairment in Oil and Gas Wells in Pennsylvania, 2000 – 2012. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America; Vol. 111 (30), July 2014.
[62] Osborn SG, Vengosh A, Warner NR, Jackson RB (2011). Methane Contamination of Drinking Water accompanying Gas Well Drilling and Hydraulic Fracturing. PNAS vol, 108 no. 20, May 17, 2011.
[63] Rubinstein JL, Mahani AB (2015). Myths and facts on Wastewater Injection, Hydraulic Fracturing, Enhanced Oil Recovery, and Induced Seismicity. Seismological Research Letters vol. 86 No. 4 July/August 2015.
[64] Klare MT, Levy BS, Sidel VW (2011). The Public Health Implication of Resource War. American Journal of Public Health vol. 101 (9) Sept. 2011.
[65] Anond P, Kunnumakara AB, Sundaram C, Harikumar KB, Tharakan ST, Lai OS, Sung B, Aggarwal BB (2008). Cancer is a Preventable Disease that requires Major Lifestyle Changes. Springer Pharmaceutical Research, 25 September 2008 pp 2097-2116.
[66] Abdel Aziz KB, Abdel Rahman HM (2010). Lamda, the Pyrethroid Insecticide as a Mutagenic Agent in both Somatic and Germ Cells. Nature and Science journal 2010.
[67] Matar S, Halch LF (2000). Chemistry of Petrochemical Processes (2nd Edition). Gulf Publishing Co. 2000.
[68] Skinder BM, Sheik AQ, Pandit AK, Ganai BA (2013). Brick Kiln Emissions and its Environmental Impact: A Review. Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment vol. 6 (1) pp 1-11, January 2014.
[69] Ntural Gas and the Environment. www.naturalgas.org/environment/naturalgas. Accessed 31 August 2016.
[70] Leiber D (2013). Top 10 Toxic Ingredients Used in the Fossil Fuel Industries. www.planetsave.com/2013/12/07/pollution-air-pollution-water-pollution-health-problems. Accessed 31 August 2016.
[71] www3.epa.gov/airquality/nitrogenoxides/health.html. Accessed 31 August 2016.
[72] Lippmann M (2009). Environmental Toxicants: Human Exposure and their Health Effects. John Wiley & Sons, 2009.
[73] Duong A, Steinmaus C, McHale CM, Vaughan CP, Zhang L (2011). Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Formaldehyde: A Statistical Review. Mutation Research vol. 728 Issue 3, Nov-Dec 2011 pp 118-138.
[74] Lantz PM, Mendez D, Philbert MA (2013). Radon, Smoking and Lung Cancer: The need to Refocus Radon Control Policy. American Journal of Public Health vol. 103 (3) March 2013 pp 443-447.
[75] Koontz P. Hydrofluoric Acid Safety: Training Module. Environmental Health & Safety, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
[76] Labuda W (2014). Stimulation of Oil and Gas Production. News Service of Polish Geological Survey; 8 June 2014.
[77] Riddle D (2009). Danger and Detection of Hydrogen Sulphide Gas in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. PIN April / May 2009.
[78] Skrtic L (2006). Hydrogen Sulphide, Oil and Gas, and People’s Health. Msc. Thesis. Energy and Resources Group. University of California, Berkeley.
[79] http://www.bysolar.com/solar-energy/solar-vs-fossil-fuels/burning-fossil-fuels/. Accessed 31 August 2016.
[80] http://apps.sepa.org.uk/spripa/Pages/SubstanceInformation.aspx?pid=65. Accessed 31 August 2016.
[81] Qi H, Zhao B (2012). Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World. Springer Science and Business Media, 2012.
[82] Pillay VV (2013). Modern Medical Toxicology (4th Edition). JayPee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) ltd, 2013.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Stanley Ngene, Kiran Tota-Maharaj, Paul Eke, Colin Hills. (2016). Environmental and Economic Impacts of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production in Developing Countries. International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment, 1(3), 64-73. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20160103.13

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Stanley Ngene; Kiran Tota-Maharaj; Paul Eke; Colin Hills. Environmental and Economic Impacts of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production in Developing Countries. Int. J. Econ. Energy Environ. 2016, 1(3), 64-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijeee.20160103.13

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Stanley Ngene, Kiran Tota-Maharaj, Paul Eke, Colin Hills. Environmental and Economic Impacts of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production in Developing Countries. Int J Econ Energy Environ. 2016;1(3):64-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijeee.20160103.13

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijeee.20160103.13,
      author = {Stanley Ngene and Kiran Tota-Maharaj and Paul Eke and Colin Hills},
      title = {Environmental and Economic Impacts of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production in Developing Countries},
      journal = {International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment},
      volume = {1},
      number = {3},
      pages = {64-73},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijeee.20160103.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20160103.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijeee.20160103.13},
      abstract = {As much as the production of crude oil and natural gas generate enormous costs on the environment, it also directly impacts on the economy of the producing state. The later, among other reasons, is the motive for investing huge capital in the industry. This paper addresses the motives for the production of crude oil and natural gas; identifying the components of these products that are toxic to the environment and public health. Apart from highlighting the economic benefits accruing to the producing countries and her citizens, the study universally looked through the processes and products involved in crude oil and natural gas production and pointed out the impacts of these processes and products on the environment and the health of the public. It is believed that a complete understanding of the interplay between these processes and products with the environment will aid producing companies as well as governments of producing nations make better decisions on the strategies to minimize the effects of production activities on the environment and the health of the public.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Environmental and Economic Impacts of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production in Developing Countries
    AU  - Stanley Ngene
    AU  - Kiran Tota-Maharaj
    AU  - Paul Eke
    AU  - Colin Hills
    Y1  - 2016/12/12
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20160103.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijeee.20160103.13
    T2  - International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment
    JF  - International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment
    JO  - International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment
    SP  - 64
    EP  - 73
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-5021
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20160103.13
    AB  - As much as the production of crude oil and natural gas generate enormous costs on the environment, it also directly impacts on the economy of the producing state. The later, among other reasons, is the motive for investing huge capital in the industry. This paper addresses the motives for the production of crude oil and natural gas; identifying the components of these products that are toxic to the environment and public health. Apart from highlighting the economic benefits accruing to the producing countries and her citizens, the study universally looked through the processes and products involved in crude oil and natural gas production and pointed out the impacts of these processes and products on the environment and the health of the public. It is believed that a complete understanding of the interplay between these processes and products with the environment will aid producing companies as well as governments of producing nations make better decisions on the strategies to minimize the effects of production activities on the environment and the health of the public.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Engineering Science, University of Greenwich, Kent, United Kingdom

  • Department of Engineering Science, University of Greenwich, Kent, United Kingdom

  • Peprime Limited, Portlethen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

  • Department of Engineering Science, University of Greenwich, Kent, United Kingdom

  • Sections